HYPERTHERMIA AND RADIATION IN TREATMENT OF HUMAN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF CERVIX XENOGRAFTED IN ATHYMIC MICE
Abstract
Cytological screening by the use of the Papanicolaou smear has significantly reduced thenumber of patients with advanced cervical cancers. Early detection, epidemiology, correct diagnosisand treatment of early stages of cervical lesions have also been effective in control and preventionof cervical cancers. But invasive carcinoma of the cervix is still an important aspect of the cervicalcancer problem. The greatest enigma at this time is the etiology, or predisposing factors, i.e., role ofmale and role of herpes and papilloma viruses in the development of these lesions, which classifiesit as a sexually transmissible disease.1"4 This and other psychological and socio-economic factorsmight hinder some patients from seeking early detection and prevention. There are still hundreds ofcases with advanced lesions reported in literature. Beyond stage II, radiation and chemotherapy arethe only treatment and may not be well tolerated by the patient. Serious complications due toradiation therapy occur most frequently in advanced stages of this disease because of high doses ofradiation which are required to accomplish tumor control.5 It is, therefore, important to seek abroader selection of modes of treatment for this cancer, especially in advanced stages.It is now well established that hyperthermia kills cells in a manner as predictable andrepeatable as radiation and chemotherapy agents.6 Unlike ionizing radiation, hyperthermia kills bothhypoxic and well oxygenated cells.7 Furthermore, neoplastic cells tend to be more sensitive to hyperthermia than do normal cells.8 In addition, heat interacts with radiation and chemotherapeuticagents.9"10 The role of prostaglandin, prostaglandin analogues, and prostaglandin inhibitors in thetreatment of cancer is still controversial. Misonidazol (RO-07--582) has been shown to be anelectron affinic hypoxic cell sensitizer.11,13 It minimizes the effect of oxygen as a reason for failurein the radiation of hypoxic tumors.We report here the effect of hyperthermia, radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, usedalone or in combination, on human carcinoma of the cervix transplanted into athymic (nude) mice,which may offer a broader selection for the treatment of this lesion in human patients.References
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