IMPACT OF SEVERITY OF COVID-19 ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS REPORTING TO SAIDU GROUP OF TEACHING HOSPITALS, SWAT

Authors

  • Javeria Saeed Department of Pathology, Saidu Medical College, Swat-Pakistan
  • Amreek Lal Department of Pathology, Saidu Medical College, Swat-Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55519/JAMC-01-11188

Keywords:

Covid-19, Corona Virus, Total leukocyte Count, Red Blood Cell, Platelets

Abstract

Background: In 2019 novel coronavirus was discovered in Wuhan, China and declared pandemic by world health organization. The disease caused by this virus called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among the corona family the actual virus responsible for COVID-19 is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objective of the study was to determine the pattern of blood parameters in corona virus disease (COVID-19) positive cases and the association of these parameters with severity of COVID-19. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 105 participants who were confirmed positive by SARS-CoV-2 through real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, both genders, and Pakistani nationals. The participants who were below 18 years age and missing data were excluded. Haemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil and eosinophil counts were calculated. Comparison of blood parameters was done among various severity classes of COVID-19 by running one way ANOVA. The level of significance was p≤0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.6±6.26 years. Males were 78(74.29%) and females were 27(25.71%). In critical type COVID-19 the mean haemoglobin was least (10.21±1.07 g/dl) and highest in mild cases (15.76±1.16 g/dl) and these differences were highly statistically significant (p<0.001). TLC was highest in critical COVID cases (15.90±0.51x 103/μl) followed by moderate (12.44±0.65x103/μl). Similarly, neutrophil count was highest in critical (89±2.1) followed by severe (86±1.12). Conclusion: There is significant decrease in mean haemoglobin level and platelet count but increase in TLC in patients infected from COVID-19.

Author Biographies

Javeria Saeed, Department of Pathology, Saidu Medical College, Swat-Pakistan

 

Amreek Lal, Department of Pathology, Saidu Medical College, Swat-Pakistan

 

References

Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Peacock SJ, Prescott HC. Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA 2020;324(8):782–93.

Yang Q, Li J, Zhang Z, Wu X, Liao T, Yu S, et al. Clinical characteristics and a decision tree model to predict death outcome in severe COVID-19 patients. BMC Infect Dis 2021;21(1):1–9.

Tian J, Yuan X, Xiao J, Zhong Q, Yang C, Liu B, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2020;21(7):893–903.

Ghahramani S, Tabrizi R, Lankarani KB, Kashani SMA, Rezaei S, Zeidi N, et al. Laboratory features of severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 patients in Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 2020;25(1):1–10.

Violetis OA, Chasouraki AM, Giannou AM, Baraboutis IG. COVID-19 infection and haematological involvement: a review of epidemiology, pathophysiology and prognosis of full blood count findings. SN Compr Clin Med 2020;2(8):1089–93.

Bellan M, Azzolina D, Hayden E, Gaidano G, Pirisi M, Acquaviva A, et al. Simple parameters from complete blood count predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19. Dis Marker 2021;2021:8863053.

Yang AP, Liu JP, Tao WQ, Li HM. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2020;84:106504.

Sun S, Cai X, Wang H, He G, Lin Y, Lu B, et al. Abnormalities of peripheral blood system in patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China. Clin Chim Acta 2020;507:174–80.

Waris A, Din M, Khalid A, Abbas Lail R, Shaheen A, Khan N, et al. Evaluation of hematological parameters as an indicator of disease severity in Covid-19 patients: Pakistan's experience. J Clin Lab Anal 2021;35(6):e23809.

Cavezzi A, Troiani E, Corrao S. COVID-19: hemoglobin, iron, and hypoxia beyond inflammation. A narrative review. Clin Pract 2020;10(2):24–30.

Faghih Dinevari M, Somi MH, Sadeghi Majd E, Abbasalizad Farhangi M, Nikniaz Z. Anemia predicts poor outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: a prospective study in Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2021;21(1):1–7.

Reusch N, De Domenico E, Bonaguro L, Schulte-Schrepping J, Baßler K, Schultze JL, et al. Neutrophils in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021;12:652470.

Pflugfelder SC, Stern ME. The cornea in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Exper Eye Res 2020;201:108295.

Azari AA, Barney NP. Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment. JAMA 2013;310(16):1721–9.

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. medRxiv 2020;2020:20020974.

Xu P, Zhou Q, Xu J. Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients. Ann Hematol 2020;99(6):1205–8.

Published

2023-01-05