OBESITY AND DIABETES AS DETERMINANTS OF VITAMIN D DEFICEIENCY.

Authors

  • Syed Yasir Hussain Gilani Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad
  • Saima Bibi Ayub Medical College
  • Afsheen Siddiqui Ayub Medical College
  • Syed Raza Ali Shah University of Nevada School Of Medicine, Las Vegas
  • Faiza Akram Ayub Medical College
  • Mujeeb ur Rehman Ayub Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D has been the focus of attention in the recent past owing to its multitude of effects on various organ systems including immune system, endocrine, cardiovascular etc. Diabetes mellitus and obesity are widely prevalent in our region. The present study was designed with an objective to determine the vitamin D status in relation to diabetes mellitus and obesity in our area. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medical C Unit of Department of Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital from January to December 2017. Approval of ethical committee was taken. A total of 117 patients were enrolled in this study of which 109 were finalized for analysis owing to incomplete data in 8 cases. Patients’ characteristics were recorded on a structured proforma. Type 2 diabetes was confirmed using HbA1C Levels. Using ADA 2016 criteria. Vitamin D status was assessed using 25-OH-Vit D levels from the same laboratory. Height and weight of the patients were recorded to obtain BMI. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: Of the total sample, 69 (63.3%) were females and 40 (36.7%) were males. Mean age of the participants was 44.13±15.777. Mean vitamin D levels were 26.35±18.72. A total of 83 (76.14%) patients were either vitamin D deficient 66 (60.6%) or insufficient 17 (15.6%) while 26 (23.9%) were sufficient in vitamin D. There was statistically significant difference in vitamin D status in diabetic versus non diabetic patients (p=0.015). As regards BMI and vitamin D status, the difference was also statistically significant (p=0.018). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in our region. There is also a high prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus and they are inversely related to low vitamin D levels.Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency; obesity; diabetes

Author Biographies

Syed Yasir Hussain Gilani, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad

Assistant professor of Medicine Department of Medicine.

Saima Bibi, Ayub Medical College

Assistant Professor, Department of Peadiatrics

Afsheen Siddiqui, Ayub Medical College

Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology

Syed Raza Ali Shah, University of Nevada School Of Medicine, Las Vegas

Department of Internal Medicine

Faiza Akram, Ayub Medical College

Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology

Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ayub Teaching Hospital

Department of Pediatrics

References

Wacker M, Holick MF. Vitamin D - effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients 2013;5(1):111–48.

Reardon BJ, Hansen JG, Crystal RG, Houston DK, Kritchevsky SB, Harris T, et al. Vitamin D-responsive SGPP2 variants associated with lung cell expression and lung function. BMC Med Genet 2013;14:122.

Hewison M. An update on vitamin D and human immunity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012;76(3):315–25.

Baeke F, Takiishi T, Korf H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010;10(4):482–96.

Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80( Suppl):S1678–88.

Johnson JA, Grande JP, Roche PC, Kumar R. Immunohistochemical localization of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor and calbindin D28k in human and rat pancreas. Am J Physiol 1994;267(3 Pt 1):E356–60.

Palomer X, González-Clemente JM, Blanco-Vaca F, Mauricio D. Role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008;10(3):185–97.

Konradsen S, Ag H, Lindberg F, Hexeberg S, Jorde R. Serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D is inversely associated with body mass index. Eur J Nutr 2008;47(2):87–91.

Parikh SJ, Edelman M, Uwaifo GI, Freedman RJ, Semega-Janneh M, Reynolds J, et al. The relationship between obesity and serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(3):1196–9.

Cheng S, Massaro JM, Fox CS, Larson MG, Keyes MJ, McCabe EL, et al. Adiposity, cardiometabolic risk, and vitamin D status: the Framingham Heart Study. Diabetes 2010;59(1):242–8.

Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(3):690–3.

Ramezani M, Sadeghi M. The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults in Kermanshah, Western Iran. Iran J Public Health 2018;47(2):299–300.

Baradaran A, Behradmanesh S, Nasri H. Association of body mass index and serum vitamin D level in healthy Iranian adolescents. Endokrynol Pol 2012;63(1):29–33.

Tabrizi R, Moosazadeh M, Akbari M, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Mohamadkhani M, Asemi Z, et al. High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Med Sci 2018;43(2):125–39.

Bani-Issa W, Eldeirawi K, Harfil S, Fakhry R. Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Determinants in Adults: A Sample from Community-Based Settings in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Endocrinol 2017;2017:3906306.

Zhang FF, Al Hooti S, Al Zenki S, Alomirah H, Jamil KM, Rao A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high prevalence of diabetes in Kuwaiti adults: results from a national survey. BMC Public Health 2016;16:100.

Pittas AG, Dawson-Hughes B, Li T, Van Dam RM, Willett WC, Manson JE, et al. Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2006;29(3):650–6.

Svoren BM, Volkening LK, Wood JR, Laffel LM. Significant vitamin D deficiency in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr 2009;154(1):132–4.

Mitri J, Muraru MD, Pittas AG. Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011;65(9):1005–15.

Nwosu BU, Maranda L. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on hepatic dysfunction, vitamin D status, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency and either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2014;9(6):e99646.

Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Is Hypovitaminosis D Related to Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes and High Fasting Glucose Level in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2018;10(1):E59.

Kaddam IM, Al-Shaikh AM, Abaalkhail BA, Asseri KS, Al-Saleh YM, Al-Qarni AA, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in three regions of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Med J 2017;38(4):381–90.

Gannagé-Yared MH, Maalouf G, Khalife S, Challita S, Yaghi Y, Ziade N, et al. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D inadequacy amongst Lebanese osteoporotic women. Br J Nutr 2009;101(4):487–91.

Published

2019-07-21

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>