AMPHETAMINE-INDUCED PSYCHOSIS LEADING TO HOMICIDE, SUICIDAL ATTEMPTS, AND DISORIENTATION: A CASE REPORT

Authors

  • Abrar Hussain Azad Health Services Academy Islamabad-Pakistan
  • Shahzad Ali Khan Health Services Academy, Islamabad-Pakistan
  • Iram Bibi National University of Science and Technology Islamabad-Pakistan
  • Ijaz Ali Mohi ud Din Islamic Medical College Mirpur AJK
  • Pashma Wazir Ali Medical Center, Bara Kahu, Islamabad-Pakistan
  • Shaaray Abrar Umar Capital Hospital Islamabad-Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55519/JAMC-04-14128

Keywords:

Amphetamine abuse, psychosis, hallucinations, suicidal behavior, violent ideations, case report.

Abstract

Amphetamine abuse leads to severe psychiatric and cardiovascular complications–psychosis, hallucinations and aggressive behavior. A 34-year-old male of five years noted history of amphetamine abuse and presented with amphetamine psychosis characterized by hallucinations, violent ideations and a recent suicide attempt is described in this case report. Previously under the influence of amphetamines, two years prior, the patient committed homicide. Patient had periods of very severe disorientation and agitation, history of suicidal ideation and violent thoughts toward others. Toxicology screenings were done, all were consistent with amphetamine presence. Diagnostic studies included cardiac biomarker elevations and abnormal electrolyte levels. Management was immediate and involved sedation, antipsychotic therapy and cardiovascular support, followed by long term psychiatric care and substance abuse rehabilitation. Here, chronic amphetamine abuse is shown to have profound psychiatric and behavioral effects and to require integrated treatment strategies to meet the complex needs of such patients.

References

1- Banks ML, Worst TJ, Rusyniak DE, Sprague JE. Synthetic cathinones ("bath salts"). J Emerg Med. 2014;46(5):632–42. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.11.104.

2- Maxwell JC, Rutkowski BA. The prevalence of methamphetamine and amphetamine abuse in North America: a review of the indicators, 1992–2007. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008;27(3):229–35. doi:10.1080/09595230801919460.

3- Bramness JG, Gundersen ØH, Guterstam J, Rognli EB, Konstenius M, Løberg EM, et al. Amphetamine-induced psychosis—a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable? BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:221. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-221.

4- Tost H, Alam T, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Dopamine and psychosis: theory, pathomechanisms and intermediate phenotypes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;34(5):689–700. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.005.

5- McKetin R, Leung J, Stockings E, Huo Y, Foulds J, Lappin JM, et al. Mental health outcomes associated with amphetamine use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2019;16:81–97. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.09.014.

6- Berman S, O’Neill J, Fears S, Bartzokis G, London ED. Abuse of amphetamines and structural abnormalities in the brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1141:195–220. doi:10.1196/annals.1441.031.

7- McKetin R, Leung J, Stockings E, Huo Y, Foulds J, Lappin JM, et al. Mental health outcomes associated with amphetamine use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2019;16:81–97. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.09.014.

8- Degenhardt L, Roxburgh A, Black E, Bruno R, Campbell G, Kinner S, et al. The epidemiology of methamphetamine use and harm in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008;27(3):243–52. doi:10.1080/09595230801950572.

9- Fusar-Poli P, Estradé A, Stanghellini G, Venables J, Onwumere J, Messas G, et al. The lived experience of psychosis: a bottom-up review co-written by experts by experience and academics. World Psychiatry. 2022;21(2):168–88. doi:10.1002/wps.20959.

10- Iqbal MN, Levin CJ, Levin FR. Treatment for substance use disorder with co-occurring mental illness. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2019;17(2):88–97. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20180042.

11- Ferrucci M, Limanaqi F, Ryskalin L, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Fornai F. The effects of amphetamine and methamphetamine on the release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine from the brainstem reticular formation. Front Neuroanat. 2019;13:48. doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00048.

12- McCutcheon RA, Krystal JH, Howes OD. Dopamine and glutamate in schizophrenia: biology, symptoms, and treatment. World Psychiatry. 2020;19(1):15–33. doi:10.1002/wps.20693.

13- Glasner-Edwards S, Mooney LJ. Methamphetamine psychosis: epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs. 2014;28(12):1115–26. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0209-8.

14- Ali MI, Rashad MM, Alzain NM, Al-Awad FA, Alzaharani MA, Alshamarani AS, et al. Impulsiveness, suicide, and aggression in a sample of patients with disorders of methyl amphetamine use. J Family Community Med. 2024;31(3):257–64. doi:10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_4_24.

15- Luo D, Tan L, Shen D, Gao Z, Yu L, Lai M, et al. Characteristics of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression among various types of drug users and factors for developing severe depression: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):274. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03933-z.

16- Kelly TM, Daley DC. Integrated treatment of substance use and psychiatric disorders. Soc Work Public Health. 2013;28(3–4):388–406. doi:10.1080/19371918.2013.774673.

17- Quello SB, Brady KT, Sonne SC. Mood disorders and substance use disorder: a complex comorbidity. Sci Pract Perspect. 2005;3(1):13–21. doi:10.1151/spp053113.

18- Davis LL, Frazier E, Husain MM, Warden D, Trivedi M, Fava M, et al. Substance use disorder comorbidity in major depressive disorder: a confirmatory analysis of the STAR∗D cohort. Am J Addict. 2006;15(4):278–85.

19- Zarrabi H, Khalkhali M, Hamidi A, et al. Clinical features, course, and treatment of methamphetamine-induced psychosis in psychiatric inpatients. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:44. doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0745-5.

20- Lecomte T, Mueser KT, MacEwan W, Thornton AE, Buchanan T, Bouchard V, et al. Predictors of persistent psychotic symptoms in persons with methamphetamine abuse receiving psychiatric treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013;201(12):1085–9.

21- Fluyau D, Mitra P, Lorthe K. Antipsychotics for amphetamine psychosis: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:740. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00740.

Published

2024-11-25

How to Cite

Hussain Azad, A., Shahzad Ali Khan, Iram Bibi, Ijaz Ali, Pashma Wazir, & Shaaray Abrar Umar. (2024). AMPHETAMINE-INDUCED PSYCHOSIS LEADING TO HOMICIDE, SUICIDAL ATTEMPTS, AND DISORIENTATION: A CASE REPORT. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 36(4). https://doi.org/10.55519/JAMC-04-14128