PHAGOCYTE FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN SUBJECTS LIVING IN HIGH LEVEL OF NATURAL RADIATION AREAS IN IRAN
Abstract
Background: Iran is considered as one of the countries which are located in high radiation area.Ramssar contains natural radioactive sources (Uranium-238) that can produce Radium-226 with high
solubility and Radon gas with ability to fuse in dirt, soil, and water in its decay chain. Radioactive rays
can produce free radicals with a short life time but high energy, which lead to changes structures of
protein bindings, hormones activity, lipids oxidation and DNA breakage which can induce autoimmune
diseases and other disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of natural radiation on innate
and humoral immune response of those exposed to natural radioactive rays compared to control group.
Methods: Subjects from high and low natural radiation areas were included in the study. Neutrophil
chemotaxis, Nitro-Blue Tetrazolium (NBT), and antioxidant effects were evaluated for effects of
radioactivity on free radicals and innate immunity. Also Cytokines (IL-2, IL-4) levels for humoral
immune system of the subjects were measured. Results: Total plasma antioxidant level and potency of
respiratory burst in individuals who lived in area with high levels of natural radiation decreased
significantly compared with, control subjects who lived in the other areas of Ramssar with normal
radiation. The level of IL-4 increased in individuals who lived in area with high levels of natural
radiation, which could lead to Th2 pattern of immune response whether neutrophils chemotaxis in the
groups living in the area with high level of natural radiation didn't change significantly when compared
to control. Conclusion: Neutrophil respiratory burst activities suggested that NADPH probably reduced
due to different reasons including decrease in NADPH oxidase and other enzymes, and mutation of the
genes or production of oxidant substances. Neutrophil chemotaxis reduced but this reduction was not
statistically significant.
Keywords: Radiation, Antioxidant, IL-2, IL-4, chemotaxis, NBT, free radicals
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