FAILURE ANALYSIS OF MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR BONDED SPIRAL WIRE RETAINERS
Abstract
FAILURE ANALYSIS OF MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR BONDED SPIRAL WIRE RETAINERSBackground: Most of the orthodontic cases require a long period of retention which is usually carried out with the help of fixed retainers (FR). One of the downsides of FR is that these are prone to breakages. The aim of the present study was to identify the frequency and factors associated with failure of fixed spiral wire retainers. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using orthodontic files and dental casts of 126 patients from dental clinics of a tertiary care hospital. Descriptive statistics were applied to calculate the frequency and most common site of breakages. Chi-square test was applied to compare the frequency of breakages among age groups and different retainer spans. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean overbite in retainer breakage and retainer intact groups. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The frequency of retainer breakage was found to be 53.1%. Maxillary retainer breakages were found in 41.3% subjects whereas mandibular retainer failed in 22.2% subjects. The mean survival time of retainer was 8.91±4.57 months. The detachment of the retainer from the tooth surface was the most common occurrence (86%). The most common site of retainer breakage was maxillary canine (32.5%) and mandibular central incisor (12.7%). All the subjects who had retainers extending till maxillary molars encountered breakages. Conclusions: A longer retainer span is associated with a greater risk of breakage. Failure rate in the maxillary arch was higher than the mandibular arch. The most common sites were the maxillary canine and mandibular central incisor. The most common pattern was wire detachment.Keywords: Orthodontic retention; Fixed retainers; Spiral wireReferences
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Graber LW, Vanarsdall Jr RL, Vig KW. Orthodontics: current principles and techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.
Iliadi A, Kloukos D, Gkantidis N, Katsaros C, Pandis N. Failure of fixed orthodontic retainers: a systematic review. J Dent. 2015;43:876-96.
Schneider E, Ruf S. Upper bonded retainers: Survival and failure rates. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:1050-6.
Tacken MPE, Cosyn J, De Wilde P, Aerts J, Govaerts E, Vannet BV. Glass fiber reinforced versus multistranded bonded orthodon¬tic retainers: a 2 year prospective multi-centre study. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:117-23.
Cooke ME, Sherriff M. Debonding force and deformation of two multi-stranded lingual retainer wires bonded to incisor enamel: an in vitro study. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:741-6.
Yagci A, Uysal T, Ertas H,Amasyali M. Mikroleakage between composite/wire and composite/enamel interfaces of flexible spiral wire retainers: direct versus indirect application methods. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13:118-24.
Sari Z, Uysal T, Basciftci FA, Inan O. Occlusal contact changes with removable and bonded retainers in a 1-year retention period. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:867-72.
Uysal T, Ulker M, Baysal A, Usumez S. Different lingual retainer composites and the microleakage between enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:941-6.
Stormann I, Ehmer U. A prospective randomized study of different retainer types. J Orofac Orthop. 2002;63:42-50.
Radlanski RJ, Zain ND. Stability of the bonded lingual wire retainer—a study of the initial bond strength. J Orofac Orthop. 2004;65:321-35.
Bovali E, Kiliaridis S, Cornelis MA. Indirect vs. direct bonding of mandibular fixed retainers in orthodontic patients: A single-center randomized controlled trial comparing placement time and failure over a 6-month period. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:701-8.
Dahl EH, Zachrisson BU. Long-term experience with direct-bonded lingual retainers. J Clin Orthod. 1991;25:619-30.
Butler J, Dowling P. Orthodontic bonded retainers. J Ir Dent Assoc. 2005;51:29-32
Renkema AM. Permanent retention from a long-term perspective. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Radboud University; 2013.
Shaughnessy TG, Proffit WR, Samara SA. Inadvertent tooth movement with fixed lingual retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:277-86.
Taner T, Aksu M. A prospective clinical evaluation of mandibular lingual retainer survival. Eur J Orthod. 2012;4:470-4.
Cerny R. The reliability of bonded lingual retainers. Aust Orthod J. 2007;23:24-9.
Aldrees AM, Al-Mutairi TK, Hakami ZW, Al-Malki MM. Bonded orthodontic retainers: a comparison of initial bond strength of different wire-and-composite combinations. J Orofac Orthop. 2010;71:290-9.
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Becker A. Periodontal splinting with multistrand wire following orthodontic realignment of migrated teeth: report of 38 cases. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1987;2:99-109.
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Iliadi A, Kloukos D, Gkantidis N, Katsaros C, Pandis N. Failure of fixed orthodontic retainers: a systematic review. J Dent 2015;43(8):876–96.
Schneider E, Ruf S. Upper bonded retainers: Survival and failure rates. Angle Orthod 2011;81(6):1050–6.
Tacken MPE, Cosyn J, De Wilde P, Aerts J, Govaerts E, Vannet BV. Glass fiber reinforced versus multistranded bonded orthodon¬tic retainers: a 2 year prospective multi-centre study. Eur J Orthod 2010;32(2):117–23.
Cooke ME, Sherriff M. Debonding force and deformation of two multi-stranded lingual retainer wires bonded to incisor enamel: an in vitro study. Eur J Orthod 2010;32(6):741–6.
Yagci A, Uysal T, Ertas H, Amasyali M. Mikroleakage between composite/wire and composite/enamel interfaces of flexible spiral wire retainers: direct versus indirect application methods. Orthod Craniofac Res 2010;13(2):118–24.
Sari Z, Uysal T, Basciftci FA, Inan O. Occlusal contact changes with removable and bonded retainers in a 1-year retention period. Angle Orthod 2009;79(5):867–72.
Uysal T, Ulker M, Baysal A, Usumez S. Different lingual retainer composites and the microleakage between enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces. Angle Orthod 2008;78(5):941–6.
Stormann I, Ehmer U. A prospective randomized study of different retainer types. J Orofac Orthop 2002;63(1):42–50.
Radlanski RJ, Zain ND. Stability of the bonded lingual wire retainer—a study of the initial bond strength. J Orofac Orthop 2004;65(4):321–35.
Bovali E, Kiliaridis S, Cornelis MA. Indirect vs. direct bonding of mandibular fixed retainers in orthodontic patients: A single-center randomized controlled trial comparing placement time and failure over a 6-month period. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014;146(6):701–8.
Dahl EH, Zachrisson BU. Long-term experience with direct-bonded lingual retainers. J Clin Orthod 1991;25(10):619–30.
Butler J, Dowling P. Orthodontic bonded retainers. J Ir Dent Assoc 2005;51(1):29–32.
Renkema AM. Permanent retention from a long-term perspective. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Radboud University; 2013.
Shaughnessy TG, Proffit WR, Samara SA. Inadvertent tooth movement with fixed lingual retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016;149(2):277–86.
Taner T, Aksu M. A prospective clinical evaluation of mandibular lingual retainer survival. Eur J Orthod 2012;4(4):470–4.
Cerny R. The reliability of bonded lingual retainers. Aust Orthod J 2007;23(1):24–9.
Aldrees AM, Al-Mutairi TK, Hakami ZW, Al-Malki MM. Bonded orthodontic retainers: a comparison of initial bond strength of different wire-and-composite combinations. J Orofac Orthop 2010;71(4):290–9.
Andren A, Asplund J, Azarmidohkt E, Svensson R, Varde P, Mo¬hlin B. A clinical evaluation of long term retention with bonded retai¬ners made from multi-strand wires. Swed Dent J 1998;22(3):123–31.
Becker A, Goultschin J. The multistranded retainer and splint. Am J Orthod 1984;85(6):470–4.
Karaman AI, Kir N, Belli S. Four applications of reinforced polye¬thylene fiber material in orthodontic practice. Am J Orthod Dentofa¬cial Orthop 2002;121(6):650–4.
Ardeshna AP. Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced-plastic bonded orthodontic retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139(6):761–7.
Segner D, Heinrici B. Bonded retainers–clinical reliability. J Orofac Orthop 2000;61(5):352–8.
Zachrisson BU. Long- term experience with direct-bonded retainers: Update and clinical advice. J Clin Orthod 2007;41(12):728–37.
Becker A. Periodontal splinting with multistrand wire following orthodontic realignment of migrated teeth: report of 38 cases. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1987;2(2):99–109.
Booth FA, Edelman JM, Proffit WR. Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133(1):70–6.
Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011.
Sadowsky C, Sakols EI. Long-term assessment of orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod 1982;82(6):456–63.
Dietrich P, Patcas R, Pandis N, Eliades T. Long-term follow-up of maxillary fixed retention: survival rate and periodontal health. Eur J Orthod 2014;37(1):37–42.
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