VALIDITY OF HYSTEROSCOPY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY
Abstract
Background: Abnormalities in menstrual cycle is the most common presenting symptom inGynaecology out-patient. Dilatation and curettage has been the diagnostic investigation of choice
for decades in such cases. With the advent of new more valid and safe methods, it has been
replaced by hysteroscopy as gold standard. The objective of this study was to know the sensitivity
and specificity of hysteroscopy in patients presenting with menstrual irregularity. Methods:
Validity study was conducted over 269 cases for a period of two years at Maternal and child health
centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Inclusion criteria were age ‰¥35 years
and abnormal uterine bleeding. Patient with positive pregnancy test, recent cervicitis, vaginitis,
endometritis, pelvic infection were excluded. Hysteroscopy and curettage was performed after
taking informed consent, mostly on outpatient basis. A predesigned Performa was used for a
detailed record of hysteroscopic findings, which were later compared with histopathology report.
Data was analysed using MS Excel, and Cross Tabulation was done using Epi-info. Sensitivity,
specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of hysteroscopy was calculated
against histopathology, the gold standard. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive
value and negative predictive value of hysteroscopy was calculated against histopathology after
excluding 46 (17.1%) cases of uterine fibroid that were diagnosed only at hysteroscopy.
Hysteroscopy has shown highest sensitivity for retained products of conception and
adenocarcinoma (100%) while a specificity of 90% and above for all hysteroscopic findings.
Seventy eight percent of the procedures were performed on outpatient basis, 95% under
intravenous sedation and 95% with no operative complication. Conclusion: Hysteroscopy should
be used as an adjunct procedure to curettage as it is a better tool for diagnosis of intracavity
lesions, with a high sensitivity and specificity for endometrial carcinoma.
Keywords: Hysteroscopy, histopathology, menstrual irregularity
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