EVALUATION OF CERVICAL ENCIRCLAGE IN REPEATED PREGNANCY LOSS
Abstract
ABSTRACT:The concept of defective cervix resulting in habitual pregnancy loss was described as early as
17th Century. The recent concept of incompetent cervix in certain women with recurrent pregnancy
loss was introduced only 35-ycars ago. Since then little progress has been made in clearly
understanding the pathophysiology of cervical incompetence or in clearly defining its diagnosis. At
present there are various surgical procedures involving cervical encirclage. Over the year's various
workers have done randomised prospective trials with the emphasis on various techniques and the
advantages and disadvantages of each procedure. Most of these procedures involved a circlage
around the cervix in some fashion.
References
Floyd WS. Cervical dilatation in the midtrimester of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1961; 18:380.
Lash AF, Lash SR. Habitual abortion: the incompetent internal os of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol
; 59:68.
Chalmers I. Confronting Cochrane's Challenge to obstetrics. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984; 91:721.
Harger JH. Comparison of success and morbidity in cervical circlage procedures. Obstet Gynecol
' 56:543
Harger JH. Cervical circlage: patient selection, morbidity, and success rates. Clin Perinatol 1983;
:321.
Crombleholme WR, Mink off HL, Delke I, Schwarz RH. Cervical circlage: an aggressive approach
to threatened or recurrent pregnancy wastage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 146:168.
Barford DAG, Rosen MG. Cervical incompetence: diagnosis and outcome. Obstet Gynecol 1984;
:159.
Socol ML, Dooley SL, Tamura RK, Depp RO. Perinatal outcome following prior delivery in the late
second or early third trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150:228.
Lazar P, Servant B, Dreyfus J, Guegucn S, Papiemik E. Comparison of two successive policies of
cervical circlage for the prevention of pre-term birth. Eur J Obstet Gynec Reprod Biol 1979; 9:307.
Dor J, Shaley J, Mashiach S, Blankstein J, Serr DM. Elective cervical suture of twin pregnancies
diagnosed ultrasonically in the first trimester following induced ovulation. Gynecol Obstet Invest
; 13:55.
Rush RW, Isaacs S, McPherson K, Jones L, Chalmers I, Grant A. A randomized controlled trial of
cervical circlage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984;
:724.
Medical Research Council/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Randomized cervical
circlage trial. August 1984. Oxford UK: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, 1984.
Lazar P, Gueguen S. Multicentered controlled trial of cervical circlage in women at moderate risk
of preterm delivery. Br J. Obstet Gynaecol 1984; 91:731.
McDonald IA. Incompetent cervix as a cause of recurrent abortion. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Common
w 1963; 70:105.
Shirodkar VN. A new method of operative treatment for habitual abortions in the second trimester
of pregnancy. Antiseptic 1955; 52:299.
McDonald IA. Suture of the cervix for inevitable miscarriage. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1957;
:346.
Danforth DN. Cervical incompetency as a cause of spontaneous abortion. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1959;
:45.
Lash AF. In: Barter RH, Dusbabek JA, Tyndal CM, Erkenbeck RV Further experiences with the
Shirodkar operation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963; 85:792.
Shirdkar VN. Long term results with the operative treatment of habitual abortion. Triangle 1967;
:123.
Christiaens GCML, Stoutenbeek P. Spontaneous abortion in proven intact pregnancies. Lancet 1984;
:571.
Seppala M, Vara P. Cervical circlage in the treatment of incompetent cervix. Acta Obstet Gynecol
Second 1970; 49:343.
Kuhn RJP, Pepperell RJ. Cervical ligation: a review of 242 pregnancies. Aust NZJ Obstet Gynaecol
; 17:79.
Naver E. The incompetent cervix and its treatment in habitual abortion and premature labour. Acta
Obstet Gynecol Scand 1968; 47:314.
McDonald IA. Incompetence of the cervix. Aust NZJ Obstet Gynaecol 1978; 18:34.
Charles D, Edwards Wr. Infectious complications of cervical circlage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;
:1065.
Barter RII, Dusbabek JA, Tyndal CM, Erkenbeck RV. Further experiences with the Shirodkar
operation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963; 85:792.
Lauersen NH, Fuchs F. Experience with Shirodkar's operation and postoperative alcohol treatment.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1973; 52:77.
Quilligan FJ, Zuspan F, eds. Operative obstetrics, 4th cd. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts,
Shirodkar VN. In: Barter RH, Dusbabek JA, Tyndal CM, Erkenbeck RV. Further experiences with
the Shirodkar operation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963; 85: 792.
Green-Armytage VB, McClure-Browne JC. Habitual abortion due to insufficiency of the internal
cervical os. Br Med J (Clin Res) 1957; 2:128.
Barter RH, Dusbabeck JA, Riva HL, Parks, J. Surgical closure of the incompetent cervix during
pregnancy. Am A Obstet Gynea 1958; 75:511
Taylor ES, Hansen PR. Incompetent os of the cervix as a cause of fetal loss. JAMA 1959; 171: 1312.
Mann EC, Mcl.am WD, Hayt DB. The physiology and clinical significance of the uterine isthmus.
Part I. The two-stage intrauterine balloon in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical incompetence.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1961; 81:209.
Ritter HA. Surgical closure of the incompetent cervix: 15 years' experience. Int J Gynaecol Obstet
; 16:194.
Stromme WB, Wagner RM, Reed SC. Surgical management of the incompetent cervix. Obstet
Gynecol 1960; 15:635.
Robboy MS. The management of cervical incompetence. Obstet Gynecol 1973; 41:108.
Hall HII. Occlusive trachelorrhaphy for repeated abortion due to cervical incompetence. Am J Obstet
Gynecol 1956; 71:225.
Jennings CL. Temporary submucosal circlage for cervical incompetence: report of 48 cases. Am J
Obstet Gynecol 1972; 113:1097.
Myerscough PR, ed. Munro Kerr's operative obstetrics, 9th Ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
Hofmerister FJ, Schwartz WR, Vondrak BF, Martens W. Suture reinforcement of the incompetent
cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968; 101:58.
Orr C. An aid to cervical circlage. Aust. NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1973' 13:114.
Goodlin RC. Cervical incompetence, hourglass membrances and amniocentesis. Obstet Gynecol
; 54:748.
Olatunbosun OA, Dyck F. Cervical circlage operation for a dilated cervix. Obstet Gynecol 1981;
:166.
Gans B, Eckerling B, Goldman JA. Abortion due to incompetence of the internal os of the cervix. A
report of 250 cases. Obstet Gynecol 1966; 27:875.
Smith SG, Scragg WH. Premature cervical dilatation and the McDonald circlage. Obstet Gynec
; 37:535
Lipshitz J. Circlage in the treatment of incompetent cervix. S. Afr Med J 1975; 49:2013.
Toaff R, Toaff MF, Ballas S, Ophir A. Cervical incompetence: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.
Isr J Med Sci 1977; 13:39.
McDonald IA. Cervical circlage. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1980; 7:461.
Peters WA, Thiagarajah S, Herbert GM. Cervical circlage: twenty years' experience. South Med J
; 72:933.
Benson RC, Durfee RB. Transabdominal cervicouterine circlage during pregnancy for the treatment
of cervical incompetence. Obstet Gynecol 1965; 25:145.
Mahran M. Transabdominal cervical circlage during pregnancy: a modified technique. Obstet
Gynecol 1978; 52: 502.
Novy MJ. Transabdominal cervicoisthmic circlage for the management of repetitive abortion and
premature delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 143:44.
Ducsay CA, Easter line T, Stanczyk FZ, Novy MJ. Plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F2a
(PGFM) and PGE2 (PGEM-U) metabolites after transabdominal or transvaginal cervical circlage.
Abstracted. Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation,
Phoenix, rizona, March 20-23, 1985.
Lash AF. In: Barter RII, Dusbabek JA, Riva III, Parks J. Surgical closure of the incompetent cervix
during pregnancy, am J Obstet Gynecol 1958;75:511
Lash AF. Fertility and reproduction following repair of the incompetent internal os of the cervix.
Fertil steril 1960; 11:531.
Lees DII, Sutherst JR. The sequelae of cervical trauma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974; 120:1050.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.
