ETIOLOGY OF STROKES AND HEMIPLEGIA IN CHILDREN PRESENTING AT AYUB TEACHING HOSPITAL, ABBOTTABAD
Abstract
Background: Strokes in pediatric age group are not common. However diagnosing the cause ofstroke will help in providing preventive and curative treatment. Present study was conducted to
find etiology of strokes/hemiplegia in children. Methods: This study was conducted in
Department of Pediatrics, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from December 2002 to December
2005.All children from two months to fifteen years of age were included in the study. Children
with weakness due to acute poliomyelitis and Guillan barre syndrome were excluded.
Investigations were based on findings on history and clinical examination and included full blood
count, PT, APTT, Platelets count, ECG, Echocardiography, hematocrit, lumber puncture with CSF
analysis and culture and CT-scan skull. Data of all the patients presenting with strokes/hemiplegia
was entered on prepared proforma. Results: The main etiology of strokes was intracranial
infection causing strokes in 23(56.09%)children and majority of children (78.26%) in this group
were below five years. Etiology was un-known in 7(17.07%) children after necessary available
investigations. Conclusions: Intracranial infection Infections that is meningitis and encephalitis
are commonest etiology of strokes and hemiplegia in paediatrics patients presenting at Ayub
Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad.
Key words: Cerebrovascular Accident, Children, Hemiplegia, Intracranial infections
References
Gulati S, Kalra V. Strokes in children. Indian J
Pediatr2003;70(8):639-48.
Kerr LM, Anderson DM, Thompson JA, Lyver SM, Call
GK. Ischemic stroke in the young: evaluation and age
comparison of patients six months to thirty-nine years. J
Child Neurol. 1993 Jul;8(3):266-70.
Jain V,Sabharvat RK,Suchdeva A. Strokes inchildren.
Indian J Pediatr 2003; 70 Suppl 1:S23-7.
deVebr G. Arterial ischemic strokes in infants and
children: an overview of current approaches. Semon
Thromb Hemost 2003:29(6):567-73. 17. Bendixen BH, Posner J, Lango R. Strokes in young adults
Carvalo K, Garg BP. Arterial strokes in children. Neurol and children. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2001;1(1):54-66.
Clin 2002;20(4):1079-100 18. Rivers RPA, Hathaway WE, Weston WL. Endotoxin
induced coagulant activity of human monocytes. Br J
Haematol1975;30:311-16.
Kenet G, Sadetzki S, Murad H, Martinowitz U, Rosenberg
N, Gitel S et al. Factor V Leiden and antiphospholipid
antibodies are significant risk factor for ischemic stroke in
chidren. Stroke 2000;31(6):1283-8.
Esmon CT, Taylor FB, Snow TR. Inflammation and
coagulation: linked process potentially regulated through
a common pathway mediated by protein C. Thromb
Hemost 1991;66:160-5.
Strater R, Becker S, von Eckardstein A, Heinecke A,
Gutsche S, Junker R et al. Prospective assessment of risk
factors for recurrencet strokes during childhood-a five
year follow up study. Lancet 2002;360(9345):1526-7.
Woodhouse PR, Khaw KT,Plummer M,Foley A,Meade
TW.Seasonel variations of plasma fibrinogen and factor
vii activity in the elderly:winter inections and death from
cardiovascular disease. Lancet.1994;343:435-39.
Riikomen R, Santavouri P. Hereditary andacquired risk
factors for childhood strokes. Neuropediatrics
;25(5):227-33. 21. Ameriso SF, Wong VLY, Quismorio FP, Fisher M.
Immunohematologic characteristics of infection
associated cerebral infarction. Stroke.1991;22:1004-09.
Nagaraja D, Christopher R, Tripathi M, Kumar MV, Valli
ER, Patil SA. Preceding infection as a risk factor of
strokes in the young. J Assoc Phy India 1999;47(7):673-5. 22. Kennedy PGE. Viral Encephalitis:Causes, Differrential
diagnosis and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych
;75:10.
Visudhiphan P, Chiemchanya S, Wattanasirichaigoon
D.Strokes in Thai children:Etiology and
outcome.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health
;27(4):801-5.
Whitley RJ, Soong SJ, Linnemn JR, Liu C, Pazin G,
Alford CA. Herpes simplex encephalitis. Clinical
Castelnau P, Favrean A ,Krier C, Barthez MA.Diagnostic assessment. JAMA1982;247(3).
strategies for ischemic strokes in childhood.Arch
Pediatr.2005;12(9):1433-40.
Riela AR, Roach ES. Etiology of stroke in children. J
Child Neurol.1993;8(3):201-20
Roach ES. Etiology of stroke in children. Semin Pediatr
Neurol 2000;7(4):244-60.
Walsh LE, Garg BP.Ischemic strokes in chhildren.Indian J
Pediatr.1997;64(5):613-23.
Bowers DC, Mulne AF, Reisch JS, Elterman RD, Munoz
L
, Booth T, et al. Nonperioperative strokes in children
with central nervous system tumors. Cancer. 2002 Feb
;94(4):1094-101.
Younkin DP.Diagnosis and treament of ischemic
pediatric stroke.Curr Neurol Neurosci
Rep.2002;2(1):18-24.
Herguner MO, Incecik F,Elkav M, Altunbasak S,Baytok
V.Evaluation of 39 children with stroke regarding
etiology ,risk factors and treatment.Turk J Pediatr
;47(2):116-9.
Armin J, Grau MD, Buggle F, Heindl S, Wiehn CS,
Banerjee T. Recent Infection as a Risk Factor for
Cerebrovascular Ischemia. Stroke 1995;26:373-9.
Cangoz E, Deda G, Akar N.Etiology of factor viiic levels
in Pediatric stroke patients.Pediatr Hematol oncol
;21(3):255-60.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.