HORMONARY REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Abstract
Menopause is defined as permanent cessation ofmenstruation and the mean age of menopause in
United States is 51 years, with a normal distribution
curve and 95% confidence limits between the ages of
45 and 55 years. At this age only a few primordial
follicles are left and hence the production of estrogens
by ovary is decreased. These small amounts of
estrogens cannot cause surge of LH and FSH essential
for ovulation. When ovulation does not occur, corpus
luteuin is not formed and there is no secretion of
estrogens and progesterone. Due to this weak, negative
feedback effect of estrogen and progesterone
production of LH and FSH increases and so regular
cycles disappear. It is found that steroid hormones
(estrogen and progesterone) are decreased and
gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) are increased after
menopause. These findings are important from the
diagnostic point of view. These hormonal changes
begin about 5 years before the actual menopause.
These changes lead to the symptoms like hot flushes,
vaginal atrophy, depression, anxiety, memory loss and
nervousness. Estrogen deficiency also results in an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease and an
accelerated loss of bone mass, causing an increased
risk of fractures. The leading cause of death in women
is cardiovascular disease. Estrogen replacement
therapy relieves these symptoms and allows the
patients to sleep better.
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