OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION IN NURSES WORKING IN A FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN ISLAMABAD
Abstract
Background: Depression is more prevalent in women than in men. Among women's population sub-groups, there is paucity of research regarding occupational factors associated with depression in Pakistani nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 female nurses working in a Federal Government tertiary care hospital in Islamabad. Pretested modified form of Agha Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to collect primary data. The questionnaires collected data on depressive symptoms, work experience, working hours, working environment, harassment by patients or attendants, job satisfaction and job stress. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to see the association between different variables and depression. Results: This study indicated high level of depression in nurses who were having work experience of 5-7 years (p=0.000), who were working on rotating shifts (p=0.012), whose work hours were not flexible (p=0.032), who had experienced verbal abuse or harassment by patient or attendant (p=0.001), who thought that they had more responsibilities and less authorities at work (p=0.018), who suffered from injury at work (p=0.010), who thought that they had to work fast at job (p=0.004), who thought that they had to do extra physical work at job (p=0.003), who believed that they had insufficient time for patient care (p=0.006), who were not allowed to take decisions according to patient's requirements (p=0.005), who were neither appreciated nor received any feedback from their seniors (p=0.002), who did not enjoy their work (p=0.001), who did not enjoy relations with their colleagues (p=0.001), who were harassed by their administration (p=0.000), who were not satisfied from their job (p=0.012) and who believed that their job is stressful (p=0.000). Conclusion: This study concluded that occupational factors play a very important role in determining depression in Pakistani nurses.
Keywords: Depression; Working Environment; Job Satisfaction; Job StressReferences
Kane PP. Stress causing Psychosomatic illness among Nurses. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2009;13(1):28-32.
Zaghloul AA. Developing and Validating a tool to assess Nurse Stress. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2008;83(3-4):223-37.
Letvak S, Ruhm CJ, McCoy T. Depression in Hospital employed Nurses. Clin Nurse Spec 2012;26(3):177-82.
Happell B, Gaskin CJ, Searl KR, Dwyer T. Physical and Psychosocial wellbeing of Nurses in a Regional Queensland Hospital. Collegian 2014;21(1):71-8.
Wang SM, Lai CY, Chang YY, Huang CY, Zauszniewski JA, Yu CY. The relationship among Work Stress, Resourcefulness and Depression level in Psychiatric Nurses. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2015;29(1):64-70.
Restilia R. Systematic Review: Occupational Stress and related factors among Hospital Nurses. Kes Mas J Fak Kesehat Masy Univ Ahmad Daulan 2015;9(2):85-94.
Kikuchi Y, Nakaya M, Ikeda M, Okuzumi S, Takeda M, Nishi M. Relationship between Depressive state, Job stress, and sense of Coherence among female nurses. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2014;18(1):32-5.
Yau SY, Xiao XY, Lee LYK, Tsang AYK, Wong SL, Wong KF. Job Stress among Nurses in China. App Nurs Res 2012;25(1):60-4.
Fathi A, Nasae T, Thiangchanya P. Workplace Stressors and Coping Strategies among Public Hospital Nurses in Medan, Indonesia. J Nurs 2012;2(1):315-24.
Golubic R, Milosevic M, Knezevic B, Mustajbegovic J. Work related Stress, education and work ability among Hospital Nurses. J Adv Nurs 2009;65(10):2056-66.
Kavari SH. A study of Depression prevalence in Nurses and it's effect in Shiraz Namazi Hospital. Middle East J Fam Med 2006;4(3):17-21.
Al-Makhaita HM, Sabra AA, Hafez AS. Predictors of work related stress among Nurses working in Primary and Secondary health care levels in Dammam, Eastern Saudi Arabia. J Fam Community Med 2014;21(2):79-84.
Bhatia N, Kishore J, Anand T, Jiloha RC. Occupational stress among nurses from two tertiary care hospitals in Delhi. Aust Med J 2010;3(11):731-8.
Khalid S, Irfan U, Sheikh S, Faisal M. Frequency of Stress and Depression in Female Nurses working in a Teaching Hospital. KUST Med J 2010;2:10-4.
Gong Y, Han T, Yin X, Yang G, Zhuang R, Chen Y, et al. Prevalence of Depressive symptoms and work related risk factors among nurses in public hospitals in Southern China: A cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2014;4:7109.
Mohite N, Shinde M, Gulavani A. Occupational stress among nurses working at Selected Tertiary Care Hospitals. Int J Sci Res 2014;3(6):999-1005.
Enns V, Currie S, Wang JL. Professional autonomy and work settings as contributing factors to depression and absenteeism in Canadian Nurses. Nurs Outlook 2015;63(3):269-77.
Qian J, Wang H, Han ZR, Wang J, Wang H. Mental health risks among nurses under abusive supervision: the moderating roles of job role ambiguity and patients' lack of reciprocity. Int J Mental Health Sys 2015;9:22.
Poursadeghiyan M, Abbasi M, Mehri A, Hami M, Raei M, Ebrahimi MH. Relationship between Job Stress and Anxiety, Depression and Job Satisfaction in Nurses in Iran. Soc Sci 2016;11(9):2349-55.
Khamisa N, Oldenburg B, Peltzer K, Ilic D. Work related Stress, Burnout, Job Satisfaction and General Health of Nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015;12(1):652-66.
Aqel NA, Thabet AM. Work and Family Stressors, Depression and Anxiety among working women in Gaza Strip. Glob J Intellect Dev Disabil 2017;3(3):555615.
Thun E, Bjorvatn B, Torsheim T, Moen BE, Mageray N, Pallesen S. Night work and symptoms of Anxiety and Depression among nurses: A longitudinal study. Int J Work Health Organ 2014;28(4):376-86.
Lee KJ, Kim JI. Relating factors for Depression in Korean working women: Secondary analysis of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). Asian Nurs Res 2015;9(3):265-70.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.
