REPEATED COVID-19 INFECTION EXISTS: A CASE SERIES FROM PAKISTAN
Abstract
Background: Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in infected individuals of COVID-19 is lacking. We report a case series of repeated infections of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: A total of 12 patients were identified with repeated infections for SARS-CoV-2 from 25 April 2020 to 16 March 2021 from Pakistan. Repeated infection was defined as diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests in the first and second phase of infection after complete recovery from the first phase of infection with a negative RT-PCR. Results: Of the 12 participants, 75% (n=9) were male and mean age of the participants were 40.1±9.7 years. Mean duration between the first and second phase of infection was 184±68.9 days. Patients presenting with mild infection in the first phase largely developed moderate to severe infection in the second phase. None of them were vaccinated. Conclusion: The pandemic of COVID-19 is on the rise and repeated infection from SARS-CoV-2 is occurring.
References
Our World in Data. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations: Our World in Data; 2021 [Internet]. [cited 2021 May]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations
WHO. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard 2021 [Internet]. [cited 2021 May]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAjKqABhDLARIsABbJrGkSRxOttNBvHIDnPE8ro-gdhZQ9QfPuxLGC2VVOzrnIUXv4Z5BMvR8aAuiBEALw_wcB
Sheehan MM, Reddy AJ, Rothberg MB. Reinfection rates among patients who previously tested positive for COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Clin infect Dis 2021;ciab234.
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-9.
West J, Everden S, Nikitas N. A case of COVID-19 reinfection in the UK. Clin Med 2021;21(1):e52.
Our World in Data. Coronavirus pandemic: daily updated research and data. 2021 [Internet]. [cited 2021 May]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/people-fully-vaccinated-covid
Falahi S, Kenarkoohi A. COVID-19 reinfection: prolonged shedding or true reinfection? New Microbes New Infect 2020;38:100812.
Torres DA, Ribeiro LDCB, Riello APFL, Horovitz DDG, Pinto LFR, Croda J. Reinfection of COVID-19 after 3 months with a distinct and more aggressive clinical presentation: Case report. J Med Virol 2021;93(4):1857-9.
CNBC. Health and Science 2020 [WHO warns coronavirus vaccine alone won't end pandemic: '˜We cannot go back to the way things were']. [Internet]. [cited 2021 May]. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/21/who-warns-a-coronavirus-vaccine-alone-will-not-end-pandemic.html
WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19 2020 [Internet]. [cited 2021 May]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19?gclid=Cj0KCQjw6-SDBhCMARIsAGbI7UgI_ji7e81nNB9DcrVtNzp83lU4nXHn23wl4x9Yjm74jcvpDNi9cRoaAm8OEALw_wcB#
GAVI. Natural immunity to COVID-19 may be long-lasting 2020 [Until now, we didn't know how long immunity after infection with COVID-19 would last - new research suggests it could be long-lasting]. [Internet]. [cited 2021 May]. Available from: Until now, we didn't know how long immunity after infection with COVID-19 would last - new research suggests it could be long-lasting
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.