PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF DEPRESSION AMONG AMPUTEES IN QUETTA REGION

Authors

  • Abdul Baqi Khan Civil Hospital, Quetta-Pakistan
  • Qasim Zia Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan-Pakistan
  • Muhammad Ilyas Khan Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad-Pakistan
  • Humaira Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad-Pakistan
  • Sara Bashir Kant Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad-AJK
  • Asma Abdul Qadeer Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad-Pakistan
  • Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi Health Services Academy, Islamabad-Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55519/JAMC-01-12098

Keywords:

Amputation, Depression, Injuries, Road traffic accidents, Trauma.

Abstract

Background: Depression is increasingly diagnosed in the general population today. The loss of a limb through amputation, which can result in disfigurement, may also contribute to the development of depression despite pre-operative counselling. Understanding the factors associated with depression in individuals with limb amputation is important to effectively identify and manage this psychological condition. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with depression in individuals who have undergone limb amputation. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Quetta City from May to July 2018. Data were collected using a structured, respondent-cantered questionnaire based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Females were more affected as 5 out of 7 (71.42%) were depressed compared to 32 out of 47 (68%) males. The study found a statistically significant association between depression and marital status (p-value of 0.047) as well as amputation (p-value of 0.039). These results suggest that both sociodemographic factors, such as marital status, and the experience of amputation are associated with the development of depression in individuals with limb amputation. Conclusion: Amputation is significantly associated with the level of depression among amputees, and sociodemographic factors, such as marital status, also play a role in the development of depression. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct yearly screenings for depression following an amputation to effectively identify and manage this psychological condition. Further research and interventions are needed to address the mental health needs of individuals with limb amputation and implement strategies for depression prevention and management in this population.

Author Biographies

Abdul Baqi Khan , Civil Hospital, Quetta-Pakistan

 

Qasim Zia, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan-Pakistan

 

Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad-Pakistan

 

Humaira, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad-Pakistan

 

Sara Bashir Kant, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad-AJK

 

Asma Abdul Qadeer , Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad-Pakistan

 

Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi, Health Services Academy, Islamabad-Pakistan

 

References

Şimsek N, Küçük Öztürk G, Nahya ZN. The Mental Health of Individuals with Post-Traumatic Lower Limb Amputation: A Qualitative Study. J Patient Exp. 2020;7(6):1665-70.

Canale ST, Beaty JH. Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics. In: Bas¸bozkurt M, Yıldız C, editors. 11th ed. Gu¨nes¸ Tıp Kitapevleri; 2011. p. 561-639.

Aslan MD, Çulha C, YANIKOĞLU İ, Malas FÜ, Güntepe Ş, Özgirgin N. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with lower limb amputation. Ege Tıp Derg. 2019;58(1):46-51.

Asirdizer M, Hekimoğlu Y, Keskin S. Investigation of effective factors on traumatic amputations due to road traffic accidents. Injury. 2022;53(3):966-71.

Chand SP, Arif H. Depression. [Updated 2022 Jul 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430847/

Ghous M, Gul S, Siddiqi FA, Pervaiz S, Bano S. Depression; Prevalence Among Depression; Prof Med J. 2015;22(2):263–6.

World Health Organization | Depression. WHO [Internet]. 2017; Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/ (accessed on May 2022)

World Health Organization | Disability and health. WHO [Internet]. 2018; Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs352/en/(accessed on May 2022)

Sahu A, Sagar R, Sarkar S, Sagar S. Psychological effects of amputation: A review of studies from India. Ind psychiatry J 2016; 25(1):4-10.

Zaheer A, Sharif F, Khan Z, Batool S, Iqbal H. Quality of Life and Depression among Lower Limb Amputees. Ann King Edward Med Uni. 2020;26(2):364-8.

Ikram M, Iqbal A, Ayaz SB, Gill ZA, Matee S. Frequency and socio-demographic predictors of clinical depression in combat amputees at a military rehabilitation setup. Rawal Med J. 2014;39(2):167-70.

Zaheer A, Sharif F, Fatima N, Shafique A, Khan Z. Correlation Between Level of Depression, Sleep Disturbance and Suicidal Thoughts Among Lower Limb Amputees. PJPT. 2018;01(01):14-8.

Donovan-Hall MK, Yardley L, Watts RJ. Engagement in activities revealing the body and psychosocial adjustment in adults with a trans-tibial prosthesis. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2002;26(1):15–22.

Chun DI, Kim J, Kang EM, An CY, Min TH, Kim S et al. Does Amputation Negatively Influence the Incidence of Depression in Diabetic Foot Patients? A Population-Based Nationwide Study. Applied Sciences. 2022. 4;12(3):1653. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031653

Jo SH, Kang SH, Seo WS, Koo BH, Kim HG, Yun SH. Psychiatric understanding and treatment of patients with amputations. Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine. 2021 May 11;38(3):194-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.00990

Padovani MT, Martins MRI, Venâncio A, Forni JEN. Anxiety, depression and quality of life in individuals with phantom limb pain. Acta Ortop Bras. [online]. 2015; 23(2):107- 10. Available from URL: http://www.scielo.br/aob.

Schonfeld IS, Bianchi R. From Burnout to Occupational Depression: Recent Developments in Research on Job-Related Distress and Occupational Health. Front Public Health. 2021 Dec 10; 9:796401. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.796401.

Luca M, Bellia S, Bellia M, Luca A, Calandra C. Prevalence of depression and its relationship with work characteristics in a sample of public workers. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014 Mar 25; 10:519-25. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S56989

Johnston DA, Harvey SB, Glozier N, Calvo RA, Christensen H, Deady M. The relationship between depression symptoms, absenteeism and presenteeism. Journal of affective disorders. 2019 Sep 1; 256: 536-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.041

Bhutani S, Bhutani J, Chhabra A, Uppal R. Living with ampu-tation: anxiety and depression correlates. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Sep;10(9):09-12. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/20316.8417

Adarsh H, Sahoo S, Sachdeva D, Tripathy S, Kumar R. Post-traumatic stress disorder following traumatic limb amputation in an 8-year-old female child and its management through play therapy. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2022 Dec 1;78: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103304.

Maj M, Stein DJ, Parker G, Zimmerman M, Fava GA, De Hert M et al. The clinical characterization of the adult patient with depression aimed at personalization of management. World Psychiatry. 2020 Oct;19(3):269-93.

Christensen MC, Wong CM, Baune BT. Symptoms of major depressive disorder and their impact on psychosocial functioning in the different phases of the disease: do the perspectives of patients and healthcare providers differ? Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 24; 11:280. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00280

Baqi A, Zia Q, Shaikh SP, Shoaib M, Javaid MM, Malik MS. Determinants of anxiety in amputees owed to traumatic & non-traumatic causes. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci. 2022;18 (3):175-80

Iqbal MM, Mohamed S, Mohamad M Depression and Its Associated Factors among Lower Limb Amputees at Hospital Kuala Lumpur and Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah: A Cross Sectional Study. J Depress Anxiety 2019 8 (2): 338.

Downloads

Published

2024-02-05

Issue

Vol. 36 No. 1 (2024): JOURNAL OF AYUB MEDICAL COLLEGE ABBOTTABAD

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Baqi Khan , Qasim Zia, Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Humaira, Sara Bashir Kant, Asma Abdul Qadeer , Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License  CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.

USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.