DIGOXIN AS A RESCUE DRUG IN INTRA AORTIC BALLOON PUMP AND INOTROPE DEPENDENT PATIENTS
Abstract
Background: In absence of cardiac transplant program in our country, when patients with poorleft ventricular (LV) functions undergo coronary revascularisation surgery, they are on one ormore inotropic supports with intra aortic balloon pump (IABP) at the time of weaning off fromcardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Post-operatively, due to the poor LV function, many of thesepatients become dependent on inotropic supports and IABP and eventually have a poor outcome.We used digoxin in these patients as a rescue drug, where more than one attempts to wean themoff IABP and inotropic support had failed. Objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy ofdigoxin as a rescue drug in intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and inotropic support-dependent,post-CABG patients in terms of improvement in their left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),serum lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Methods: It is a descriptive case seriesconducted at Department of Cardiac Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Armed Forces Institute ofCardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from 1 Nov 2002 to 31Dec 2007. Thirty post-coronary re-vascularisation patients who were inotrope and IABPdependant and could not be weaned off from supports were given a trial of digoxin to see anyimprovement in the cardiac functions. Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), serum lactatelevels and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the bed side echo were monitored at predigoxin stage and then at three intervals: at serum digoxin level of up to 0.5 ηg/ml; then up to 1.0ηg/ml and then up to 1.5 ηg/ml. Paired sample t-test was applied and 2-tailed significance wascalculated. Results: Significant improvement was seen in the mean SvO2, serum lactate levels andLVEF when patient’s serum digoxin level were around 1.5 ηg/dL. Clinically, 20 out of 30 patients(66.67%) improved with digoxin administration and were ultimately weaned off from IABP andinotropic supports. There was no significant correlation between patient’s improvement andpresence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. However, pre-operative IABP placement had asignificant correlation as 6 out of 8 patients (75%) were successfully weaned off at digoxin levelsaround 1.5 ηg/mL. Conclusion: Improvement in significant number of patients suggests thatdigoxin can be used as a rescue drug in IABP and inotropic support dependent patients afterCABG surgery especially in countries where heart transplant program does not exist. However,more clinical trials with larger sample size are recommended for further evaluation.Keywords: Digoxin, CABG, IABP-dependent, Inotrope-dependentReferences
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