HEPATITIS–B VACCINATION STATUS AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HIGH RISK HEALTH CARE WORKER BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION

Authors

  • Mashaal Quddus Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
  • Mussarrat Jehan Department of Pathology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi
  • Nafisa Hassan Ali Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi

Abstract

Background: HBV infection is occupational risk for health care worker (HCW). They play an important role in dissemination of hepatitis B in society. This study aimed to assess Hepatitis B vaccination status of high transmitter risk group and their knowledge attitude and practice regarding Body substance Isolation. Method: This questioner based cross sectional study was conducted in January 2013 to March 2014. 400 HCW comprising of 55% male and 45% female belonging to four groups 100 each doctor, nurse, Operation Theatre and clinical laboratory technician working at different tertiary hospitals in Karachi-Pakistan were included in the study. Results: 28% doctors, 20% nurses, 64% operation theatre and 68%lab-technician were fully immunized. Among rest 31% were unaware of vaccine, 45% did not consider themselves among high risk group, 15% expected management to get them vaccinated, 9% found it expensive. Biosafety practices were correctly performed by 42%. 29% performed injection safe practice, 10% aseptic rules and 19% properly sterilized equipment. Blood spill was immediately cleaned by 80% among them 48% applied disinfectant, 40% cleaned it water and detergent, 12% cleaned and disinfected. Blood samples disposal was 52% in any available container, 17% in dustbin and 30% in biohazard bags. In case of accidental needle stick exposure 62 encouraged bleeding, 19% applied alcohol, 11% washed with water, 8% waited for medical help. Regarding discarding used syringe 42% used engineered device, 44% common container, 10% bent needles and 4% one handed scoop technique. Warning symbols were identified by 32% amongst them 30% identified biohazard, 8% harmful, 12% inflammable and 50% danger signs. Conclusion: To prevent HCW from Hepatitis their complete immunization should be mandatory and rigid BSI protocol monitored daily.

References

Guidelines for protecting the safety and health of healthcare workers. Joint advisory notice. Department of Labor, Department of Health and Human Services Protection Against Occupational Exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). October 19, 1997.

Kann M. Structural and molecular virology. In: Hepatitis B Virus Guide. Lai CL, Locarnini S, editors. London: International Medical Press, 2002. p. 9–22.

Seeger C, Mason WS. Hepatitis B virus biology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2000;64(1):51–68.

World Health Organization. Introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into childhood immunization services. World Health Organization (Ed) Geneva: No. Who/V&B/01.31, 2001. p.48.

Werner BG, Grady GF. Accidental hepatitis-B-surface-antigen-positive inoculations. Use of e antigen to estimate infectivity. Ann Intern Med 1982;97(3):367–9.

CDC - NIOSH Publications and Products - Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings (2000-108) [Internet]. [cited 2014 Jan 6]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2000-108/

Vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1991; 40(RR-14):1–10.

Draft guidelines for infection control in health care personnel, 1997—CDC. Notice. 1997;62(173):47276–327.

Osterholm MT, Garayale SM. Clinical viral hepatitis B among Minnesota hospital personnel: results of a ten-year statewide survey. JAMA 1985;254(22):3207–12.

Agerton TB, Mahoney, SJ, Polish UB, Shapiro CN. Impact of the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard on vaccination of healthcare workers with hepatitis B vaccine. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16(5):287–91.

Simard EP, Miller JT, George PA, Wasley A, Alter MJ, Bell BP, et al. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage levels among healthcare workers in the United States, 2002–2003. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28(7):783–90.

Weissman JY, Tsuchiyose MM, Tong MJ, Co R, Chin K, Ettenger RB. Lack of response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in non-responders to the plasma vaccine. JAMA 1988;260(12):1734–8.

Alper CA, Kruskall MS, Marcus-Bagley D, Craven DE, Katz AJ, Brink SJ, et al. Genetic prediction of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine. N Engl J Med 1989;321(11):708–12.

Mast EE, Weinbaum CM, Fiore AE, Alter MJ, Bell BP, Finelli L, et al. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Part II: immunization of adults. MMWR Recomm Rep 2006;55(RR-16):1–33.

Thomas DL, Factor SH, Gabon D, Washington AS, Taylor E Jr, Quinn TC. Viral hepatitis in health care personnel at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The seroprevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Arch Intern Med 1993;153(14):1705–12.

Gunson RN, Shoural D, Roqqendoff M, Zaaijer H, Nicholas H, Holzmann H, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Health Care Workers (HCWs): guidelines for prevention for transmission of HBV and HCV from HCW to patients. J Clin Virol 2003;27(3):213–30.

Hadler SC, Doto IL, Maynard JE, Smith J, Clark B, Mosley J, et al. Occupational risk of hepatitis B infection in hospital workers. Infect Control 1985;6(1):24–31.

Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Guidelines for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to health care and public safety workers. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1989;38(suppl 6):1–37.

Stevens CE, Toy PT, Taylor PE, Lee T, Yip H-Y. Prospects for control of hepatitis B virus infection: implications of childhood vaccination and long-term protection. Pediatrics 1992;90(1 Pt 2):170–3.

Hadler SC, Margolis HS. Hepatitis B immunization: vaccine types, efficacy, and indications for immunization. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis 1992;12:282–308.

Nasir K, Khan KA, Kadri WM, Salim S, Tufail K, Sheikh HZ, et al. Hepatitis B vaccination among health care workers and students of a medical college. J Pak Med Assoc 2000;50(7):239–43.

Rachiotis G, Goritsas C, Alikakou V, Ferti A, Roumeliotou A. Vaccination against Hepatitis B virus in workers of a general hospital in Athens. Med Lav 2005;(1):80–6.

Llewellyn LJ, Harvey I. Hepatitis B vaccinetion: how many doctors are fully covered? J Public Health Med 1994;16(3):352–6.

Ali NS, Jamal K, Qureshi R. Hepatitis B Vaccination Status and Identification of Risk Factors for Hepatitis B in health care workers. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2005;15(5):257–60.

Younis BB, Khan GM, Akhter P, Chaudary MA. Vaccination against hepatitis B Among doctors at teaching hospital in Lahore. Pak J Med Sci 2001;17:229–32.

Fatusi AO, Fatusi OA, Esimai AO, Onayade AA, Ojo OS. Acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine by workers in a Nigerian teaching hospital. East Afr Med J 2000;77(11):608–12.

Lin WC. Ball C. Factors affecting the decision of nursing students in Taiwan to be vaccinated against hepatitis B infection J Adv Nurs 1997;25(4):709–18.

Published

2015-09-30

Issue

Vol. 27 No. 3 (2015): JOURNAL OF AYUB MEDICAL COLLEGE, ABBOTTABAD

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

License

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License  CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.

USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.