BREAST CANCER IN NORTHERN PAKISTAN
Abstract
ABSTRACTOne hundred and twenty patients were treated for carcinoma of the breast at theDistrict Head Quarter Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1984-1989. The age at diagnosisappears to be bimodal with an early peak between 36 years and 40 years and a later peakbetween 60 years and 66 years. As expected, these patients were of high parity (median 5) and96% of them had breast fed for an average of 16 months, late presentation with advancedsystemic disease accounts for the dismal prognosis. Eighty-four percent of the patientspresented with late disease and only 16% with early disease. Of the 25 patients, followed uptodeath, the median survival was 12 weeks. For various logistic reasons, long-term follow upwas not possible for the remaining patients. To improve the outcome of breast cancer in ourcommunity an active educational programme is needed to increase the public awareness ofthe significance of beast symptomatology.Key words: breast cancer, late presentation.References
Higginson J, Muir CS. Epidemiology of Cancer. In: Holland JF, Frel E. eds. Cancer Medicine.2nd
Edn. Philadelphia: Lea and Feebiger, 1982: 257-327.
Preece PE. The Breast. In: Cuscheiri A, Giles GR, Moosa AR, cds. Essential Surgical Practice, 1st
edn, Bristol: Wright PSG, 1982: 811-31.
de Waard F, Comelis IP, Aoki et al. Breast cancer incidence according to weight and height in two
cities of the Netherlands and in Aichi prefecture, Japan, Cancer, 1997; 40:1269-75.
Wilson RE, Breast. In: Sabiston DC. ed. Textbook of Surgery 13th ed. Philadelphia; W B Saunders
Co. 1986; 530-72.
Young J, Reis LG, Pollack ES; Cancer patient survival among ethnic groups in the USA. J Natl Can
Inst 1984; 73:341-52.
Basset MT, Krieger N. Social class and black and white differences in breast cancer survival. Am J
Public Health 1986; 76: 1400-3.
Forrest APM. Breast Cancer: 121 years on. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1989; 239-48.
Pearson JB. Carcinoma of breast in Nigeria. Br. J Cancer 1963; 17: 559-65
Chedozi LC. Breast cancer in Nigeria. Cancer 1985; 55: 653-57.
Shepherd JJ. Breast cancer in African women in Uganda. East Afr Med J, 41: 567-70
Tin Hia K: Study of cancer of breast in Burma. J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1984; 29: 345-49.
Rush BF Breast. In: Schwartz SI, Shires GT, Spencer FC, eds. Principles of surgery'. 5th edn. New
York: Mcgraw-Hill Book Co., 1989: 549-80.
Bruce J, Carter DC, Tough ICK. Cancer of the breast, JR Coll Surg Edinb 1968; 13:293-99
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.