COMPARISON OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND HDL CHOLESTEROL RATIO BY TERTILE OF WAIST HIP RATIO IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Abstract
The waist hip ratio (WHR)is a useful parameter to determine the distribution of fat. In women the fat is predominantin gluteal and femoral regions under the effects of oestrogen. After menopause oestrogen deficiency occurs and womenbecome prone to masculine type of adipose tissue distribution that is high waist /hip circumference ratio.In addition to this the relative ‘immunity' from CHD in female gender finishes at menopause. This study wasaimed at determining a relation between WHR and TC/HDL-C ratio in postmenopausal women. The results of thisstudy indicate that most (64%) postmenopausal women of the study population were having a large WHR and alsoshowed TC/HDL-C ratios that were significantly more than the postmenopausal women with less WHR. In addition,the mean TC/HDL-C ratio in this group was above the danger limit for this value, which suggests that a largepercentage of our postmenopausal women are at a higher risk of CHD.References
Julian D G, Cowan J C, Diseases of the coronary
arteries-causes, pathology and prevention. In:
Cardiology, 6th Edition, Bailliere Tindall, London,
pp 90-104.
Biermann E L. Atheroscleros and other forms of
arteriosclerosis. In: Harrison’s Principles of internal
Medicine, Volume I, 11th edition, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, Newyork,1987 pp 1019.
Hartz A J, Rupley D C. Rimm A A. The association of
girth measurements with disease in 32856 women. Am.
J. Epidemiol., 1984:119:71-80.
Krotkiewski M. Bjorntorp P, sjostrom L, Smith U.
Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women,
importance of regional adipose tissue distribution. J.
Clin. Invest., 1983:72:1150-1162.
Larsson B, Svardsudd K. Welin L, Wilhelmsen L.
Bjorntorp P, Tibblin G. Abdominal adipose tissue
distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease
and death, 13 years folmlow up of the participants in
the study of men born in 1913. Br. Med. J.
:288:1401-4.
Guyton C. Female physiology before pregnancy and
the female hormones. ln: Text book of medical
physiology, 8th edition, W.B. Saunders company,
Philadelphia, 1991 pp 899
Matthews K A, Meilahn E, Muller L H, Kelsey S F.
Caggiula A W. Wing R A. Menopause and the risk
factors for CHD. N. Engl. J. Med. 1989:321:641-646.
Lepidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, Pennert K, Rybo
E, Sjostrom L. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of
cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up
of participants in the population study of women in
Gothenburg, Sweden. Br. Med. J.,1984:289:1257-
Soler J T, Folsom A R. Kushi L H. Prineas R J, Seal
U S. Association of body fat distribution with plasma
lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein Al and B in
postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Epidemiol.
:41:1075-81.
Jacobs D. Blackburn H. Higgins M, Reed D, Iso H.
Micmillan G, Neaton J et al., Report of the conference
on low blood cholesterol. Mortality associations.
Circulation. 1992:86:1046-1060.
Castelli W P. Cardiovascular diseases in women. Am.
J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1988:158:1553-1560
Castelli W P, Doyle J T, Gordon T, Hames C G.
Hjortland M C, Hulley S B. et al., HDL cholesterol and
other lipids in coronary heart disease. Circulation
:55:767-772.
Kannel W B. Metabolic risk factors for coronary heart
disease in women: Perspective from the Framingham
study. Am. Heart. J., 1987:114:413-419.
Razay G, Heaton K W. Bolton C H. Coronary heart
disease risk factors in relation to the menopause
Quarterly J. Med. 1992:889-96.
Kopp C B, Scarabin P Y, Darne B, Malmejac A. Guize
L. Menopause related changes in lipoproteins and some
other cardiovascular risk factors. International J.
Epidemiol. 1990:19:42-48.
Steinleitner A, Stanczyk F Z, Levin J H, Albaing G D.
Vijod, M A, Shahbazian V L, Lobo R A. Decreased in
vitro production of 6-keto- prostaglandin Fla by uterine
arteries from postmenopausal women. Am.J. Obstet.
Gynecol., 1989:161:1677-1681.
Landin K, Krotkiewski M, Smith U. Importance of
obesity for the metabolic abnormalities associated with
an abdominal fat distribution. Metabolism.
:38:572-576
Downloads
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.