COMPARISON OF AN EXPERIMENTAL ROOT CANAL IRRIGANT (SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI) AND ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID ON MICROHARDNESS OF HUMAN DENTIN

Authors

  • Asad Farooq LIAQUAT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY
  • Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi
  • Juveria Siddique
  • Syed Abul Faraz
  • Abdur Rasheed

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55519/JAMC-04-9086

Abstract

Background: The treatment of infected root canals is one of the most essential areas in dentistry. The endodontic therapy comprises of a sequence of steps that includes the purging of disease and infectious tissues from the root canal system. The objective of the study is to compare the effect of an experimental herbal root canal irrigant (Sapindus mukorossi) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, on the micro hardness of human dentin. Methods: Ninety single rooted teeth were collected displayed intact external morphology the selected teeth were than divided randomly into 3 groups (n=30); 1 control and 2 experimental groups: Group A consisted of specimen treated with Ethanolic extract of Sapindus mukorossi. Group B consisted of specimen treated with 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and Group C (control group) consisted of specimen of roots were sectioned immersed in distilled water. After the removal of crowns, the roots were sectioned embedded in the polymer resin leaving the root dentine exposed, the micro hardness was determined. Then, the samples from each group were treated with respective irrigant solution for 15 minutes and then observation regarding the micro hardness were noted again by using Vickers micro hardness tester. Analysis of data were obtained by application of Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The study revealed that there was no significant difference noted in dentin microhardness of group “A” sample after dipping in experimental irrigant solution (Sapindus mukorossi). However, the study found significant difference in context of decrease in dentin microhardness after dipping a sample in a group “B” irrigant solution (17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Conclusion: In order to preserve the strength of dentin that will ultimately be beneficial for increase in survival of teeth in function, probably the herbal extract of Sapindus mukorossi would be better candidate for future endeavour and presented as an economic and effective alternative amongst root canal irrigants.

References

Mamatha Y, Ballal S, Gopikrishna V, Kandaswamy D. Comparison of sodium hypochlorite and edta irrigants with an indigenous solution as an alternative to mtad. J Conserv Dent 2006;9(1):48.

De Moor RJ, Deroose CA, Calberson FL. The radix entomolaris in mandibular first molars: an endodontic challenge. Int Endod J 2004;37(11):789–99.

Prabhu NT, Munshi AK. Additional distal root in permanent mandibular first molars: Report of a case. Quintessence Int 1995;26(8):567–9.

Torabinejad M. Winter 2011 Endodontics: Colleagues for Excellence Newsletter-Root Canal Irrigants and Disinfectants. American Association of Endodontists. 2011.

Fedorowicz Z, Nasser M, Sequeira‐Byron P, de Souza RF, Carter B, Heft M. Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;9:CD008948.

Kandil HE, Labib AH, Alhadainy HA. Effect of different irrigant solutions on microhardness and smear layer removal of root canal dentin. Tanta Dent J 2014;11(1):1–1.

Saleh AA, Ettman WM. Effect of endodontic irrigation solutions on microhardness of root canal dentine. J Dent 1999;27(1):43–6.

Prabhakar AR, Basavraj P, Basappa N. Comparative evaluation of Morinda citrifolia with chlorhexidine as antimicrobial endodontic irrigants and their effect on micro-hardness of root canal dentin: An in vitro study. Int J Oral Health Sci 2013;3(1):5.

Haapasalo M. Can I use chlorhexidine as the only irrigating solution in my endodontic treatments? J Can Dent Assoc 2011;77:b16.

Suhagia BN, Rathod IS, Sindhu S. Sapindus mukorossi (Areetha): an overview. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2011;2(8):1905.

Upadhyay A, Singh DK. Pharmacological effects of Sapindus mukorossi. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 2012;54(5):273–80.

Sinha A. Remedies and cures for the common diseases. New York: Page Publishing; Inc, 2015.

Van Meerbeek B, Willems G, Celis JP, Roos JR, Braem M, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. Assessment by nano-indentation of the hardness and elasticity of the resin-dentin bonding area. J Dent Res 1993;72(10):1434–42.

Mahoney E, Holt A, Swain M, Kilpatrick N. The hardness and modulus of elasticity of primary molar teeth: an ultra-micro-indentation study. J Dent 2000;28(8):589–94.

Kamakshi G, Suvarna N, Shetty HK, Khed J. Relation between Calcium Loss and Its Effect on Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin Following Treatment With 17% Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) at Different Time Intervals: An Ex-Vivo Study. 2014.

Capar ID, Aydinbelge HA. Surface change of root canal dentin after the use of irrigation activation protocols: Electron microscopy and an energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis. Microsc Res Tech 2013;76(9):893–6.

Nogueira BM, da Costa Pereira TI, Pedrinha VF, de Almeida Rodrigues P. Effects of Different Irrigation Solutions and Protocols on Mineral Content and Ultrastructure of Root Canal Dentine. Iran Endod J 2018;13(2):209–15.

Siqueira Jr JF, Rôças IN. Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures. J Endod 2008;34(11):1291–301.

Andrabi SM, Kumar A, Tewari RK, Mishra SK, Iftekhar H. An in vitro SEM study on the effectiveness of smear layer removal of four different irrigations. Iran Endod J 2012;7(4):171–6.

Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin 2010;54(2):291–312.

Tartari T, Duarte Junior AP, Silva Junior JO, Klautau EB. Etidronate from medicine to endodontics: effects of different irrigation regimes on root dentin roughness. J Appl Oral Sci 2013;21(5):409–15.

Unnikrishnan M, Mathai V, Sadasiva K, Santakumari RS, Girish S, Shailajakumari AK. The evaluation of dentin microhardness after use of 17% EDTA, 17% EGTA, 10% citric acid, MTAD used as chelating agents combined with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite after rotary instrumentation: An in vitro SEM study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019;11(Suppl 2):S156–63.

Dua A, Dua D, Uppin VM. Evaluation of the effect of duration of application of smear clear in removing intracanal smear layer: SEM study. Saudi Endod J 2015;5(1):26.

Abbas FS, Abdulredah NJ, Hassan AS. Effect of Final Irrigation Protocol on Dentin Microhardness. Biomed Pharmacol J 2018;11(4):2157–62.

Hülsmann M, Hahn W. Complications during root canal irrigation–literature review and case reports. Int Endod J 2000;33(3):186–93.

Saha SG, Sharma V, Bharadwaj A, Shrivastava P, Saha MK, Dubey S, et al. Effectiveness of various endodontic irrigants on the micro-hardness of the root canal dentin: An in vitro study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017;11(4):ZC01–2.

Chhabra N, Gyanani H, Patel B, Gangaramani S, Desai K. A Novel combination of Herbs as chelating agents: An in vitro SEM evaluation. Indian J Conserv Endod 2016;1(2):47–51.

Khallaf ME, Kataia EM, Aly Y, Omar N, Mohamed MA. Cleanliness efficacy and effect on dentin microhardness of a novel plant extract irrigant. Bull Natl Res Cent 2020;44:1–9.

Aneja KR, Joshi R, Sharma C. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Emblica officinalis against dental caries pathogens. Ethnobot Leafl 2010;2010(4):3.

George B, Shanmugam S. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of fruit extract of Sapindus mukorossi. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2014;3:604–11.

Singh R, Kumari N, Nath G. Free radicals scavenging activity and antimicrobial potential of leaf and fruit extracts of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. against clinical pathogen. Int J Phytomed 2016;8(1):22–8.

Abd-Elgawad RA, Fayyad DM. Comparative evaluation of smear layer removal, calcium ions loss and dentin microhardness after different final irrigation solutions. Egypt Dent J 2017;63(4):3551–62.

Cruz-Filho AM, Sousa-Neto MD, Savioli RN, Silva RG, Vansan LP, Pécora JD. Effect of chelating solutions on the microhardness of root canal lumen dentin. J Endod 2011;37(3):358–62.

Baldasso FE, Roleto L, Silva VD, Morgental RD, Kopper PM. Effect of final irrigation protocols on microhardness reduction and erosion of root canal dentin. Braz Oral Res 2017;3:e40.

Eldeniz AU, Erdemir A, Belli S. Effect of EDTA and citric acid solutions on the microhardness and the roughness of human root canal dentin. J Endod 2005;31(2):107–10.

Published

2022-09-27

Issue

Vol. 34 No. 4 (2022): JOURNAL OF AYUB MEDICAL COLLEGE ABBOTTABAD

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Asad Farooq, Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi, Juveria Siddique, Syed Abul Faraz, Abdur Rasheed

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License  CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.

USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.