EFFFECTS OF INTENSITY AND DURATION OF EXERCISE ON DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT
Abstract
Background: Increases in neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes account for the exercise induced leucocytosis, related to work loads and duration of exercise. To observe the effects of intensity and duration of exercise on differential leucocytes count, two groups of normal healthy male adult subjects were exercised on treadmill for different duration and intensities. Methods: Group-I subjects (n=15) performed exercise by running for a duration of 2–3 minutes, at 7% grade (4 degree inclination) and at speed ranging from 7.5 to 9 Km/hour, while group-II subjects (n=15) walked on treadmill for a duration of 7–10 minutes at zero grade and at Speed ranging from 5 to 6 Km/hour. Pricking the tip of finger with a lancet under sterilized conditions at three occasions i.e. before exercise, immediately after and 30 minutes after exercise, a drop of blood was taken. Each drop of blood was put on a neat and clean glass slide to make film for differential leucocytes count. The samples were then analyzed by standard methods and evaluated artistically. Results: In group-I subjects, neutrophils were significantly increased by 5.97% immediately after exercise and were significantly decreased by 13.471% after 30 minutes rest and so the neutrophils were 8.454% below baseline (p<.0.001) 30 minutes after exercise. Lymphocytes were significantly increased by 19.57%, 30 minutes after exercise and were 17.734% above baseline (p<0.001) Eosinophils were significantly increased by 38.042% after 30 minutes rest and were 33.333% below baseline (p<0.01). Basophiles were 50.187% less (p<.0.01) 30 minutes after exercise than pre-exercise. In-group II, neutrophils were significantly increased by 4.30%, immediately after exercise and then decreased significantly by 6.019%, after 30 minutes rest. On the other hand, lymphocytes were significantly decreased by 11.981%, immediately after exercise and then increased significantly by 12.379%, after 30 minutes rest. Conclusions: It clearly indicates that the exercise of high intensity and less duration has greater effect on neutrophil count. The increase in lymphocyte count, 30 minutes after exercise, clearly indicate that exercise of low intensity and longer duration is helpful in improving acquired immunity.Key Words: Exercise Intensity, Duration, DLCReferences
Old ridge N.B., Guyatt G.H., Fischer M.E and Rimm A.A. Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. JAMA 1988; 260:945-950.
Guyton A.C. and Hall J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology, W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia, 10th Edn., 2000; p.392.
Boas S.R., Joswiak M.L., Nixon P.A., Kurland G., O’Connor M.J., Bufalino K. et al. Effects of anaerobic exercise on the immune system in eight to seventeen year old trained and untrained boys.J. Pediatrics 1996; 129:846-855.
Moyna N.M., Acker G.R., Weber KM., Fulton J.R., Goss F.L., Robertson R.S. and Rabin B.S. The effects of incremental sub maximal exercise on circulating leucocytes in physically active and sedentary males and females. Eur. J. Applied Physiol. 1996; 74(3): 211-218.
Brown S.F., Cave R. and Gleeson M. Hematological response to repeated isometric exercise in man. J. Physiol. 1990; 420:56P.
Gabriel H. and Kinder Mann W. The acute immune response to exercise: What does it mean? Int. J. Sports Med. 1997; 18(Suppl. 1): S28-45.
Kayashima S., Ohno H., Fujioka T., Taniguchi N. and Nugata N. Leucocytosis as a marker organ damage induced by chronic strenuous physical exercise. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol.1995;70(5):413-420.
Dacie S.J.V. and Lewis S.M. Practical Haematology, Churchill Living stone, Edinburgh, 7th Edn., 1993; pp.67-69, 77-79 and 694-696.
Hanson P.G. and Falaherty D.K. Immunological responses to training in conditioned runners. Clic. Sci. 1981; 60:225-228.
Iversen P.O., Arvesen B.L. and Benestad H.B. No mandatory role for the spleen in the exercise induced leucocytosis in man. Clin. Sci. 1994; 86:505-510.
McCarthy D.A., Grant M., Marbut M., Watling M., Wade A.J., Macdonald I. et al. Brief exercise induces an immediate and a delayed leucocytosis. Br. J. Sports Med. 1991; 25(4):191-195.
Sato H., Abe T., Kikuchi T., Endo T., Hasegawa H., Suzuki K. et al. Changes in the production of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils following a 100 kilometer marathon. Nippon-Eiseigaku-Zasshi 1996; 51(2): 612-616.
Shek P.N., Sabiston B.H., Buguet A. and Radomski M.W. Strenuous exercise and immunological changes: A multiple point analysis of leucocytes subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, immunoglobulin production and NK cell response. Int. J. Sports Med. 1995; 16(7):466-474.
Gleeson M., Robertson J.D. and Maughan R.J. Influence of exercise on ascorbic acid status in man. Clin. Sci. 1987; 73:501-505.
Suzuki K., Naganuma S., Mochizuki M., Shiraishi M., Nakaji S., Sugawara K. et al. Differential patterns of the number and proportion of blood leucocytes following endurance exercise of moderate, strenuous and severe conditions. Nippon-Eiseigaku-Zasshi 1995; 50(2): 631-636.
Suzuki K., Naganuma S., Totruka M., Suzuki KJ., Mochizuki M., Shiraishi M. et al. Effects of exhaustive endurance exercise and its one week daily repetition on neutrophil count and functional status in untrained men. Int. J. Sports Med. 1996; 17(3):205-212.
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.
