FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH OESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA AND TRACHEO-OESOPHAGEAL FISTULA
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the various factors affecting survival in babies with oesophageal atresia andtracheo-oesophageal fistula. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: The study was carried out at theDepartment of Paediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences(PIMS), Islamabad from March 2004 to March 2005. Patients and Methods: All neonates withoesophageal atresia (EA) and tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TEF) during the study period were includedin the study. Patients having isolated EA were excluded. A total of 80 patients were included in thestudy. Patients were received from the emergency department, OPD and Neonatal ICU. Diagnosis wasconfirmed by passing a radio opaque orogastric tube. Investigations were done to look for otherassociations. After stabilisation, right thoracotomy was performed, fistula was ligated and divided. Anattempt was made to do a primary oesophago-oesopahgostomy. Nasogastric feeding was started on 2ndpost-operative day. A contrast oesophagogram was performed on the 7th postoperative day and havingruled out leak, oral feeding was started. Results: Out of the total, 33 (41%) survived and 47 (58%)patients died. Out of 47 deaths 20 (25%) died before surgery and 27 (34%) died after surgery. Meanfollow up period was 6 months. Sixteen (20%) patients had anastomotic leak, 24 (30%) hadanastomotic stricture, and 64 (80%) patients had postoperative pneumonia. Conclusion: We concludethat proper antenatal check ups will detect the problem early, avoid home deliveries and hence improvesurvival. Pneumonitis and septicaemia significantly affect survival. Availability of ICU is one of themain determinants of survival. The likely cause of high mortality rate in pre-operative patients in ourseries is non-availability of NICU due to limited space in our setup.Keywords: Oesophageal atresia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, survival, neonatesReferences
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